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Precautions for Charging Lithium Batteries and the Principles of Charging
I. Charging
The safe operating voltage range for lithium batteries (custom‑made lithium batteries) is 2.8 to 4.2 V. If the voltage falls below or exceeds this range, the lithium ions inside the battery become highly unstable and may even lead to accidents. To ensure the battery remains within its safe limits, a dedicated charger is required. Although lithium batteries are equipped with protection circuitry, it’s still advisable to disconnect the charger once the battery is fully charged.
II. Activation
Before starting the charging process, a lithium‑battery charger supplies a small current to the battery while monitoring the voltage changes, gradually increasing the current until it reaches the set value. This procedure can be regarded as an activation or test charge.
III. Constant-Current Transformer Charging
The charger charges the battery at a constant current. As the battery voltage rises, the charger simultaneously increases the charging voltage to accelerate the charging rate.
IV. Constant-Voltage Charging with Current Control
When the battery reaches a cutoff voltage of 4.2 V, it is only about 70% charged (not fully charged). At this point, the charger continues to charge the battery at a constant voltage with a gradually decreasing current until the current drops below 0.1 A; charging stops only when the battery voltage continues to rise.
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